IUD (Intrauterine device)

IUD, or intrauterine device, is a reversible form of birth control. IUDs are progesterone or copper- releasing. Copper in the uterine cavity is detrimental to sperm mobility. Progesterone released in the uterine cavity creates changes in the lining of the uterus that impair fertilization and implantation. The copper-releasing IUD is effective in the uterus for 10 years. The progesterone-releasing IUD is effective for 5 years.

Twenty percent of women discontinue use of the IUD in the first year due to bleeding, cramping pain, or spontaneous loss of the IUD. Most progesterone-releasing IUDs will actually make periods lighter than usual by making the lining of the uterus extremely thin. Approximately 1% of women per year will get pregnant with the IUD in place. IUDs cannot be placed in the presence of a pelvic infection and therefore screening for sexually transmitted diseases is often performed prior to their placement.